Roma groups in Europe, Migrations: languages, self-identification

• These groups are listed here ://poetry.about.com/library/weekly/museletters/blCZmuse106.htm - scroll down to Romani literature section). Some other groups were added later, when found.

• References are to that Museletters site, unless you see this one specifically listed://www.gypsyloresociety.org/cultureintro.html.

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North American Gypsies/ Travelers - immigration to the United States probably from 1850 on

Travelers - Irish or Scottish. In Ireland, they are known as Tinkers. See description of The Gypsy Lore Society at //www.gypsyloresociety.org/cultureintro.html. Irish Travelers and Scottish Travelers do not refer to themselves as Gypsies. They had different customs before migrating to US. and apparently keep a social distance

Gypsies - All others. In current works, the term Roma or Romani may be preferred

Black Dutch see Rom'nies. See ://www.gypsyloresociety.org/cultureintro.html.

Ludar-"Rumanian Gypsies" see www.gypsyloresociety.org/cultureintro.html

Hungarian - Slovak musicians - linguistic prehistory similar to Rom/Romnichel, but difficult for each to understand each other now

Romani - plural noun; used at site to mean all the dialects and languages

Roma - singular, but not always, see it as plural in a Rom subgroup language ://www.gypsyloresociety.org/cultureintro.html

Rom - see www.gypsyloresociety.org/cultureintro.html. From Serbia, Russia, Austria-Hungary

Romnichel - Groups stress importance of pure, impure, Gypsy-NonGypsy. Linguistic prehistory similar to Hungarian-Slovak musicians. See Gypsies, Roma, Romney surname from Rom'nie or Romnichel?.

Rom'nies. See ://www.gypsyloresociety.org/cultureintro.html. English Gypsies. See Gypsies, Roma, Romney surname from Rom'nie or Romnichel?.

Sinte - subgroup of Roma, perhaps from Pakistan. Start with Wikipedia, then doublecheck: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinti_

They apparently went to Germany and Austria in middle ages, and split into two groups, the Eftagarvja, The Seven Caravans, who went into France and became the Manouches; and the Estraxarja, another group "from Austria, " moving into Croatia, Romania's Transylvania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, northern Italy, Piedmont. Language - see //www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=rmo. Sinte is listed as a language of those countries.

See what the language looks like here, in many dialects: this happens to be the Lord's Prayer - I not go looking for it. At ://www.christusrex.org/www1/pater/JPN-rom-sinte.html. The Rosetta Project seeks to archive every single human language. See it and Sinte at ://www.rosettaproject.org/archive/rmo.

Kale
Lovara
Curara
Xoraxane
Sinti (see Sinte above?)
Manus

Kalgeras (is this the Kalderash that is a subgroup of the Rom? See www.gypsyloresociety.org/cultureintro.html. )
If this is the Kalderash, they include the Vlachs, Vlax, also called Nomad Coppersmiths

Machwaya - another subgroup of the Rom, see www.gypsyloresociety.org/cultureintro.html.

Sinte in German and Dutch - Zigeuner (this in Wikipedia at ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinti_ ) - there was a piano piece called Zigeuner - remember?
Sinte in Italian - Zingari -Wikipedia at ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinti_